Symptoms include high fever, confusion, rigid muscles, variable blood pressure, sweating, and fast heart rate. It is characterized by an altered mental state, increased muscle tone or frank rigidity, alterations in the autonomic nervous system, hyperactivity, and hyperthermia. NMS has also been associated with other psychotropic agents that block central dopamine pathways (e.g., metoclopramide). It affects the nervous system and causes symptoms like a high fever and muscle stiffness. NMS is a reaction to antipsychotic medication, whereas MH is a reaction to an anesthetic or muscle relaxer that occurs due to a genetic abnormality.Definition: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but potentially life-threatening reaction to the use of almost any of a group of antipsychotic drugs or major tranquilizers (neuroleptics). The main difference between NMS and MH is the cause of symptoms. However, an acute dystonic reaction will not cause autonomic dysfunction, fevers, or mental status changes. NMS also has similarities to an acute dystonic reaction, a side effect of antipsychotic medications that causes severe muscle spasms. NMS and MH produce similar symptoms, including fever, muscle rigidity, and an elevated heart rate.
The mortality rate in people with MH is 3–5%. MH affects approximately 1 in 100,000 adults and 1 in 30,000 children who receive an anesthetic or a muscle relaxer. It occurs due to a rare genetic mutation that a person inherits from one or both parents. MH is a severe reaction to an inhalation anesthetic or muscle relaxer.
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a potentially fatal condition that is similar to NMS. People with NMS also often show elevated levels of CPK, which indicates higher disease severity. A person with NMS commonly has up to 40,000 white blood cells per microliter.
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